The software development life cycle (SDLC) is the end-to-end process by which software is planned, designed, built, tested, released and maintained. Different models organise these stages in different ways.
Agile is an approach to software development that delivers work in small, frequent increments, gathers feedback early and adjusts plans as teams learn. It favours collaboration over rigid up-front specifications.
Quality assurance (QA) is the set of practices that make sure software meets requirements and works reliably for users. It covers how quality is built into the process as well as how products are tested before release.
Release management is the process of planning, scheduling, coordinating and controlling how software changes move from development into production. It keeps releases predictable, safe and well communicated.
Waterfall fixes the plan upfront and moves through phases in order; Agile ships working software in short cycles and changes course on feedback. Stable, well-defined scope favours Waterfall, and shifting requirements favour Agile.
Custom software development is building software for one organisation's own processes, users or products instead of buying a packaged or SaaS tool. The organisation owns the roadmap and usually the code, and pays for design, build and ongoing maintenance.
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