Waterfall fixes the plan upfront and moves through phases in order; Agile ships working software in short cycles and changes course on feedback. Stable, well-defined scope favours Waterfall, and shifting requirements favour Agile.
Kanban is a method for managing work by showing it on a board and limiting how much is in progress at once. Tasks flow continuously from start to finish rather than in fixed sprints.
Scrum is an agile framework in which a small, cross-functional team delivers work in fixed-length cycles called sprints. It follows defined roles, events and artefacts that make progress visible and regularly inspected.
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is the end-to-end process by which software is planned, designed, built, tested, released and maintained. Different models organise these stages in different ways.
Agile is an approach to software development that delivers work in small, frequent increments, gathers feedback early and adjusts plans as teams learn. It favours collaboration over rigid up-front specifications.
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