Scrum is an agile framework in which a small, cross-functional team delivers work in fixed-length cycles called sprints. It follows defined roles, events and artefacts that make progress visible and regularly inspected.
Agile is an approach to software development that delivers work in small, frequent increments, gathers feedback early and adjusts plans as teams learn. It favours collaboration over rigid up-front specifications.
Waterfall fixes the plan upfront and moves through phases in order; Agile ships working software in short cycles and changes course on feedback. Stable, well-defined scope favours Waterfall, and shifting requirements favour Agile.
An incident postmortem is a written review held after an outage or serious failure. It records what happened, why it happened and how the response went, then commits to specific changes that make a repeat less likely.
Kanban is a method for managing work by showing it on a board and limiting how much is in progress at once. Tasks flow continuously from start to finish rather than in fixed sprints.
A product roadmap is a high-level plan showing where a product is heading over time. It sets out the problems to address, the outcomes sought and the rough order of major work.
Roadmap prioritisation is the process of deciding which initiatives, features or problems a product team tackles first. Teams weigh value, effort, risk and strategy using explicit criteria.
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