Agile is an approach to software development that delivers work in small, frequent increments, gathers feedback early and adjusts plans as teams learn. It favours collaboration over rigid up-front specifications.
Waterfall fixes the plan upfront and moves through phases in order; Agile ships working software in short cycles and changes course on feedback. Stable, well-defined scope favours Waterfall, and shifting requirements favour Agile.
Kanban is a method for managing work by showing it on a board and limiting how much is in progress at once. Tasks flow continuously from start to finish rather than in fixed sprints.
Scrum is an agile framework in which a small, cross-functional team delivers work in fixed-length cycles called sprints. It follows defined roles, events and artefacts that make progress visible and regularly inspected.
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is the end-to-end process by which software is planned, designed, built, tested, released and maintained. Different models organise these stages in different ways.
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