Penetration testing is an authorised, simulated attack on a system to find exploitable weaknesses before real attackers do. Testers work within an agreed scope and report what they reached and how to fix it.
A security engineer designs, builds and maintains the controls that protect an organisation's systems, applications and data from attack. Companies often hire one when enterprise customers, audits or rapid growth raise the stakes.
A vulnerability assessment is a systematic review that identifies, ranks and reports known security weaknesses across systems. It usually combines automated scanning with analyst review and prioritisation.
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications and data from unauthorised access, attack and damage. It combines technology, processes and people to prevent incidents, detect them early and recover when they happen.
Dynamic application security testing (DAST) probes a running application from the outside with crafted requests. It watches how the application responds for signs of security weaknesses an attacker could use.
The OWASP Top 10 is an awareness document from the OWASP Foundation listing the most critical categories of web application security risk. It is revised periodically using community data.
PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) is the security standard for organisations that store, process or transmit payment card data. It sets controls to protect cardholder information from theft and misuse.
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