Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications and data from unauthorised access, attack and damage. It combines technology, processes and people to prevent incidents, detect them early and recover when they happen.
DevSecOps is the practice of building security checks into everyday software delivery. Code, dependencies and infrastructure are tested automatically on every change instead of being reviewed only before release.
Penetration testing is an authorised, simulated attack on a system to find exploitable weaknesses before real attackers do. Testers work within an agreed scope and report what they reached and how to fix it.
A security engineer designs, builds and maintains the controls that protect an organisation's systems, applications and data from attack. Companies often hire one when enterprise customers, audits or rapid growth raise the stakes.
Zero trust is a security model that never grants trust based on network location. Every user, device and request is verified before receiving the least access it needs.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a login method that requires two or more independent proofs of identity. A typical pairing is a password plus an authenticator app, passkey or hardware key.
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