Zero trust is a security model that never grants trust based on network location. Every user, device and request is verified before receiving the least access it needs.
Cloud-native describes software designed from the start to run in the cloud. It is typically built from containers and microservices, managed declaratively and automated to scale, recover and update.
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications and data from unauthorised access, attack and damage. It combines technology, processes and people to prevent incidents, detect them early and recover when they happen.
Identity and access management (IAM) is the set of policies and systems that control who or what can access which resources. It spans login, roles, permission reviews and offboarding.
Least privilege is the principle of giving every user, service and process only the access its job needs. It limits how far a mistake or a compromised account can spread.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a login method that requires two or more independent proofs of identity. A typical pairing is a password plus an authenticator app, passkey or hardware key.
Public key infrastructure (PKI) is the system of certificate authorities, certificates and policies that binds public keys to identities. It lets parties trust encrypted connections and digital signatures.
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