Finality is the point at which a blockchain transaction can no longer be reversed or reordered. Networks reach it through different mechanisms and at very different speeds.
Proof of stake is a consensus mechanism in which validators lock up the network's native token as collateral for the right to propose and confirm blocks.
A rollup is a Layer 2 network that executes transactions off the main chain and posts them in compressed batches to it. Fraud proofs (optimistic) or validity proofs (ZK) keep the results honest.
Blockchain interoperability is the ability of separate blockchains to exchange data, assets and messages so applications can work across them. It relies on bridges, messaging protocols and shared standards.
A consensus mechanism is the set of rules that lets a blockchain's independent nodes agree on one shared history. It decides which transactions are valid and in what order they are recorded.
A cross-chain bridge is a protocol that moves tokens or messages from one blockchain to another. It usually locks an asset on the source chain and issues a matching representation on the destination.
Liquid staking lets holders stake tokens to help secure a proof-of-stake network while receiving a tradable token that represents the staked position. That receipt can be sold, lent or used as collateral.
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