Docker is a widely used platform for building, sharing and running applications in containers. Each container packages an application with everything it needs so it behaves the same on any host.
CI/CD is the practice of building and testing every code change automatically, then releasing changes that pass through a repeatable pipeline. It shortens the gap between writing code and running it in production.
Docker builds and runs individual containers, while Kubernetes schedules and manages many containers across a cluster of machines. They are complementary: teams usually package applications with Docker tooling and run them in production on Kubernetes.
Kubernetes is an open-source platform for running containerised applications across a cluster of machines. It schedules containers, restarts failed ones, scales them with demand and routes traffic between them.
Containerization packages an application with its libraries, runtime and configuration into a lightweight, isolated unit called a container. It then runs the same way on any machine that supports containers.
Immutable infrastructure is an approach where servers and containers are never changed after deployment. Any update is made by building a new image and replacing the old instances entirely.
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