A content delivery network (CDN) is a distributed set of servers that caches and serves content from locations close to users. Pages, images, video and API responses load faster and origin servers carry less load.
Edge computing is the practice of processing data close to where it is created or used, such as devices, local gateways or regional points of presence. It avoids sending everything to a central data centre or cloud region.
A load balancer is a network component that spreads incoming requests across several servers or containers. It keeps any single instance from being overloaded and steers traffic away from unhealthy ones.
Caching stores copies of frequently used data in a faster location so future requests can be served without repeating slow work. That slow work might be a database query, a computation or a network call.
Server-side rendering (SSR) is a technique where the server builds the full HTML for a page on each request and sends it to the browser. Content appears quickly and search engines can read it easily.
A web application firewall (WAF) is a filter in front of web applications and APIs that inspects HTTP traffic. It blocks requests matching known attack patterns or abusive behaviour.
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