Technical debt is the future cost created when software is built in a quicker or simpler way than it should be. It shows up as extra effort, bugs and slower delivery every time that code is touched later.
Application modernization updates existing software so it is easier to change, scale, secure and run. It ranges from moving an app to new infrastructure unchanged, through restructuring, to rebuilding or replacing it.
Code review is the practice of having other engineers examine a change before it is merged. Reviewers check correctness, design, security and readability, and share knowledge along the way.
A low-code platform is a development environment for building applications mostly through visual editors and prebuilt components. Custom code is added only where the visual tools fall short.
A monolith is an application built and deployed as a single unit, with interface, business logic and data access in one codebase. It shares one release process and is often the simplest sensible starting point.
Refactoring is the practice of improving the internal structure of existing code without changing what it does for users. The goal is code that is easier to read, test and extend.
A technical lead is the senior engineer who guides a team's technical direction, setting architecture, standards and quality while still writing code. Teams usually need one once several engineers share a codebase and decisions need a clear owner.
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