Version control is a system that records every change to a set of files over time. Teams use it to collaborate, review history, compare versions and restore earlier states when something goes wrong.
CI/CD is the practice of building and testing every code change automatically, then releasing changes that pass through a repeatable pipeline. It shortens the gap between writing code and running it in production.
Code review is the practice of having other engineers examine a change before it is merged. Reviewers check correctness, design, security and readability, and share knowledge along the way.
GitOps is an operating model in which the desired state of infrastructure and applications is stored in Git. Automated agents continuously reconcile live environments to match it.
Open source describes software whose source code is published under a licence that lets anyone use, study, modify and share it. Projects are often developed in public by communities of individuals and companies.
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